Antarctica is one of the most mysterious and captivating continents on Earth. A journey to this icy frontier is a unique opportunity to explore some of the planet's most inaccessible corners and challenge yourself in extreme conditions. The white desert, spanning over 14 million square kilometres, is the harshest region on Earth.
It has the lowest temperatures, the most powerful winds, and snowstorms. A tour to Antarctica is not for everyone; it requires careful preparation. Scenario Travel will help you explore the mysterious world of the seventh continent, allowing you to see its majestic icy deserts and endless snowy plains
Antarctica has always attracted researchers with its mysterious nature and secrets hidden within the thick glaciers. The story of the discovery and exploration of this continent is one of heroism, perseverance, and dedication by explorers from different countries.
The idea of the existence of a southern continent, Terra Australis, originated in ancient times and remained a hypothesis for a long time.
In the 18th century, Captain James Cook made his second round-the-world expedition (1772-1775), during which he crossed the Antarctic Circle and confirmed the existence of southern ice fields, thus refuting the theory of inhabited southern lands.
On January 16 (28), 1820, the Russian Antarctic expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached the shores of Antarctica for the first time, which is considered the official discovery of the continent.
Other researchers' contributions, such as Ernest Shackleton, Roald Amundsen, Robert Scott, James Clark Ross, and Jean-Baptiste Charcot, are also significant.
The International Geophysical Year (IGY) was held from 1957 to 1958. Scientific stations were established in Antarctica during this time, marking the beginning of modern continent exploration.
The mysteries and treasures of the White Kingdom united countries worldwide, leading to the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, which came into force in 1961. This treaty prohibits military activity on the continent and secures its use exclusively for peaceful and scientific purposes. Antarctica does not belong to any country, has no indigenous population, and the international community protects its resources.
Antarctica is the fifth largest continent by area, surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Ice fields occupy about 98% of the territory, with the remaining 2% of rocky formations. High mountains, sombre nunataks (mountain ridges), hills, ice peaks, and deep crevasses create incredibly picturesque, almost otherworldly landscapes.
Most of Antarctica is covered by an ice sheet that contains about 70% of the planet's fresh water. The average ice thickness is approximately 1.9 kilometres, with some areas reaching up to 4.8 kilometres. This ice sheet forms giant glaciers slowly flowing toward the ocean, eventually creating huge icebergs.
The climate of Antarctica is extremely harsh. Winter lasts from March to October, and temperatures can drop below -60°C. In summer, from November to February, temperatures rise to around -20°C on the coast. Sunlight is completely absent in winter, and in summer, the sun does not set below the horizon.
The Antarctic Peninsula's weather is relatively milder than the rest of Antarctica. In summer, temperatures can range from -5°C to 5°C, and in winter, from -10°C to -30°C.
Numerous lakes and rivers are hidden under Antarctica's ice. Lake Vostok is the largest subglacial lake, remaining isolated from the surface for millions of years. These subglacial rivers and reservoirs are crucial for scientific research and the forecasting of global climate change.
Mountains and ridges. Beneath the Antarctic ice sheet lie vast mountain systems. For example, the Gamburtsev Mountains, hidden under a layer of ice, rise to 3,400 meters high. It is believed that these mountains, comparable in area to the Alps, were the starting point for the icing of the continent.
Volcanic activity. Antarctica has several active volcanoes, the southernmost and most fierce of which is Erebus on Ross Island. Surprisingly, in addition to powerful emissions of deep gases, dust, and particles of molten rock, the volcano erupts microscopic crystals of gold, scattering them over vast distances.
Minerals. Antarctica is rich in mineral resources such as coal, iron ore, copper, and gold. Oil deposits have also been speculated. However, according to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, mining is prohibited to preserve the ecosystem and ensure the peaceful use of the continent.
Frozen Microorganisms. Scientists have discovered ancient microorganisms frozen for thousands of years in the ice depths. These organisms provide important evidence about life on Earth in the past, and help scientists understand the possibility of life surviving in extreme environments on other planets.
The Antarctic Treaty System, specifically the Protocol on Environmental Protection, bans all activities related to mineral resources except for scientific research. This distinction is important for accuracy.
The optimal time to explore Antarctica is during the summer months, from November to early March. During this period, the temperatures are more comfortable, and the daylight hours are at their longest, allowing you to fully appreciate the continent's stunning beauty. Visiting Antarctica is regulated by international agreements, so travellers must book through a travel company with the necessary permits and a commitment to environmental regulations.
Most people visit Antarctica on cruise ships, which provide comfortable cabins, meals, and excursions around the White Continent.
Air expeditions offer another way to reach Antarctica. Private or passenger planes transport travellers to airfields, where land, water, and air exploration of the continent begins.
Some travellers prefer private yachts for expeditions to Antarctica. This option provides greater flexibility in itinerary and length of stay. The duration of such trips depends on the route and weather conditions, typically lasting 2-3 weeks.
There are three main locations through which visitors reach Antarctica. They either take cruises from Ushuaia, Argentina, or Punta Arenas, Chile, or fly in from Punta Arenas, Chile, or Cape Town, South Africa. There are also rare cruise routes from Australia and New Zealand, as well as sightseeing flights without landing from Australia.
Modern explorers can now experience the pioneering spirit in the dazzlingly clear expanses of the White Continent while enjoying the comfort and premium service of luxurious, futuristic campsites or advanced tent camps. For those who prefer sea adventures, expedition ships offer cosy cabins equipped with all amenities and provide magnificent views of the endless icy landscapes. At Scenario Travel, we specialise in organising these unique trips for you. We partner with the best expedition companies to offer exclusive accommodation options and the most exciting and safe itineraries.
Antarctica offers many outdoor activities such as glacier hiking, ice climbing, kayaking among icebergs, and wildlife watching. Expert guides will lead you through endless snowy plains to surreal blue rivers and ice tunnels. You can conquer one of the nunataks and enjoy the most unusual picnic with champagne overlooking the rocks.
You can cross the snowy plains on cross-country skis or ride through the icy expanses on fat bikes. Antarctica even has a bar that looks like an extravagant Eskimo yurt, painstakingly created by hand.
Life in Antarctica has adapted to extreme conditions. Here, you can find a variety of seals, including the leopard and elephant seals, as well as numerous whale species and various bird species, such as the majestic emperor penguin. The plant world is limited to hardy mosses, lichens, and algae that can survive in the harsh climate.
In November and December, travellers can witness a touching sight on the snow-white sea ice - the birth and first steps of emperor penguin chicks.
Visiting Antarctica is more than just a journey. It is an opportunity to witness untouched nature, feel the grandeur of the icy continent, and join a global community dedicated to preserving this unique corner of our planet. Join us and discover Antarctica!
Antarctica is a kingdom of ice and snow, where nature unveils its pristine beauty. A visit here promises encounters with unique natural phenomena and incredible wildlife thriving in their natural habitat.
Embark on a journey to the seventh continent - a gateway to discovering one of the most mysterious and breathtaking regions on our planet!